جهانی: پوسیدگی نرم باکتریایی در دمای بالاتر از ۲۱ درجه سانتیگراد تسریع میشود و یک لایه نازک آب میتواند آن را در انبار آغاز کند
کلاهبرداریهای کلیدی
- 70°F (21°C) is where soft rot starts to rise sharply
- 50°F (10°C) or colder storage slows bacterial decay
- 7 days after full vine death helps skin set before lift
- 75 ppm available chlorine is the listed wash water rate
چرا از آن مهم
- برای کشاورزان
- در ماه اول، تودهها را هفتگی بررسی کنید، غدههای مرطوب را با جریان هوای مداوم خشک کنید و قبل از پخش شدن، تودههای پوسیده را جدا کنید.
- برای پردازندهها
- بارهای ورودی را از نظر خاک مرطوب و تفاله گرم بررسی کنید و آنها را برای استفاده اولیه جداگانه ذخیره کنید.
- برای معامله گران
- برای فروش زودهنگام زمینهایی که در این فصل در هوای مرطوب یا گرم جابجا شدهاند، برنامهریزی کنید، زیرا در صورت نگهداری طولانی مدت، خطر پوسیدگی نرم در آنها بیشتر است.
خلاصه ۳۰ ثانیهای
Soft rot is less about the presence of bacteria, which are common, and more about warmth, wounds and missing oxygen. Maine specialists say decay can run from about 7°C up to 32°C but jumps once tubers pass 21°C, and it slows below 10°C. Crops lifted at flesh temperatures near 27°C are already predisposed. A thin water film on the tuber surface cuts the oxygen supply and gives the bacteria their chance, which is why condensation and wet loading are so dangerous. The Pacific Northwest handbook, revised this spring, recommends 90 to 95% humidity for wound healing, 75 ppm of available chlorine in wash water and seed conditioning at 10 to 13°C. After a hot season and a damp harvest, store managers, seed growers and packers should watch for wet pockets early. The two sources do not quantify typical losses, and Dickeya species are not covered by them.
Bacterial soft rot is a fast, wet decay of potato tubers. It is caused by Pectobacterium bacteria and related species. The same bacteria cause blackleg on stems in the field. In store, a few rotting tubers can leak onto healthy ones and create a wet pocket in the pile.
Temperature is the main driver. Decay can occur between 45°F and 90°F, or 7°C to 32°C, according to University of Maine Cooperative Extension. Rot increases dramatically above 70°F, or 21°C. The bacterium grows best between 70°F and 80°F, or 21–27°C. Temperatures below 50°F, or 10°C, retard decay. The Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook, revised in March 2026, also places soft rot conditions at 70°F to 80°F.
Water and oxygen
Free water is the second driver. In storage, a film of water induces anaerobic conditions in the tuber, according to the Maine bulletin. Low oxygen weakens tuber defences and lets the bacteria multiply. Soft rot is favoured by immaturity, wounding, other diseases, warm temperatures, free water and low oxygen.
روزهای هفته. با یک کلیک اشتراک خود را لغو کنید.
The Maine bulletin also warns that tubers harvested above 80°F, or 27°C, can be predisposed to soft rot. It advises leaving potatoes at least seven days after vines are totally dead. This encourages skin set and reduces bruising.
Wound healing and washing
The Pacific Northwest handbook recommends 90–95% relative humidity for wound healing. Humidity must not turn into free water on the tubers. Good airflow through the pile removes surface moisture after loading.
For washing and grading lines, the handbook lists 75 ppm available chlorine as a sodium hypochlorite wash rate. It also describes seed conditioning at 50–55°F, or 10–13°C, for 10 to 14 days before planting.
چرا از آن مهم
Crops that go into store after a hot summer and wet harvest weeks face high soft rot risk. Late September lifting in the Northern hemisphere often brings exactly these conditions. Wet, warm tubers loaded without drying air can start rotting within days.
The response is practical. Cool the crop below 10°C as soon as wounds have healed. Dry wet tubers quickly with airflow. Remove rotting pockets early and keep water off the pile. Store managers should inspect the top and the base of the pile often in the first weeks.
Photo: Blackleg symptoms caused by Dickeya solani on a potato stem (illustrative). Jspychalla / ویکیانبار , CC BY-SA 4.0
خلاصه جهانی سیب زمینی
پنج خبر برتر، قیمتها، هشدارهای بیماری و رویدادها. صبحهای روزهای هفته، بدون تبلیغات.
منابع
- University of Maine Cooperative Extension — Bulletin #2493, Potato Facts: Blackleg and Bacterial Soft Rot — https://extension.umaine.edu/publications/2493e/
- Pacific Northwest Plant Disease Management Handbook — Potato: Bacterial Soft Rot, Blackleg, and Lenticel Rot (revised March 2026) — https://pnwhandbooks.org/plantdisease/host-disease/potato-solanum-tuberosum-bacterial-soft-rot-blackleg-lenticel-rot
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